Reading El Deafo also made me think back to Wonder, by R.J. Palacio, the
ficitonal story of a boy born with extreme facial differences and hearing impairment.
There are many other wonderful books about overcoming challenges -- here's a quick list:
Anything But Typical, by Nora Raleigh Baskin. The story of a 12-year-old autistic boy who wants to become a writer.
Finding Ben: a Mother's Journey through the Maze of Asperger's, by Barbara LaSalle
Granny Torrelli Makes Soup, by Sharon Creech
I Funny, by James Patterson. The story of a boy in a wheelchair who aspires to be a "stand up" comic.
Joey Pigza Swallowed the Key, by Jack Gantos. First in the series of books about Joey, a boy with ADHD.
One-Handed Catch, by Mary Jane Auch. Based partly on the experiences of the author's husband, who lost a hand as a young boy. Humorous and inspiring, with many strong characters (especially the boy's mother who is unforgettable).
Out of My Mind, by Sharon Draper. A brilliant 5th grader with cerebral palsy is thought to be retarded because she cannot speak. She eventually finds a device that helps her to communicate all she wants to say.
Rules, by Cynthia Lord. A 12-year-old girl tries to help her autistic brother by making up rules for him to follow.
Small Steps: the Year I Got Polio, by Peg Kehret. The author's true story of her difficult but inspiring recovery from polio. This was a DCF Book Award winner.
Temple Grandin: How the Girl Who Loved Cows Embraced Autism and Changed the World, by Temple Grandin